Voices from the Subaltern - Bibliography

Voices from the Subaltern
 
Education and Empowerment

Among Rural Dalit (Untouchable) Women

by

Moses Seenarine

Date: 1/31/99; Revised: 2/26/03

Bibliography

Acharya, Poromesh. 1981. "Politics of Primary Education in West Bengal”, EPW, XVI, 24: pp 1069-75.

Acharya, Poromesh. 1985. "Politics and Social Structure”, EPW, XX, 42: pp 1785-89.

Acharya, Poromesh. 1989. "Education and Communal Politics in Bengal”, EPW, vol. 24, no. 30, July 29. pp. PE-81 to PE-90.

Agarwal, Bina. 1986. "Women, Poverty and Agricultural Growth in India", The Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol. 13, no. 4, July.

Agarwal, Bina. 1988. "Patriarchy and the `Modernising' State”, in B. Agarwal, ed., Structures of Partiarchy. London:  Zed Books.

Agarwal, Bina. 1994. A Field of One's Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia. London: Cambridge University Press.

Agrawal, S. P.; and Aggarwal, J. C. 1992. Women's Education in India: Historical Review, Present Status and Perspective Plan with Statistical Indicators and Index to Scholarly Writings in Indian Educational Journals Since Independence. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.

Alaka and Chetna. 1987. "When Women Get Land: A Report from Bodhgaya”, Manushi, no. 40.

Ali, A. F. Imam. 1992. Social Stratification Among Muslim-Hindu Community. New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers.

Ambedkar, B. R. 1916. "Caste in India: Their Genesis, Mechanism, and Development”. Paper presented before the Anthropology Seminar of Dr. A. A. Goidenweiser, Columbia University, NY on May 9th. Reprinted by Bheem Patrika Publications, Jullundur, India, n.d.

Ambedkar, B. R. 1946. Who Were The Sudras? How They Came To Be The Fourth Varna in Indo-Aryan Society? Bombay: Thacker and Co.

Ambedkar, B. R. 1947. States and Minorities. Bombay: Thacker and Co.

Ambedkar, B. R. 1948. The Untouchables: Who Were They and Why They Became Untouchables? New Delhi: Amrit Book Co.

Ambedkar, B. R. 1955. Thoughts on Linguistic States. Bombay: Krishna Press.

Ambedkar, B. R. 1957. The Buddha and His Dhamma. Bombay: Siddharth College Publications.

Ambedkar, B. R. 1977. The Rise and Fall of Hindu Woman. Jullundar: Bheem Patrika.

Ambedkar, B. R. 1987. "Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Ancient India”, in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, Volume 3. Bombay: Government of Maharashtra.

Ambedkar, B. R. 1990. Annihilation of Caste: An Undelivered Speech. Edited by Mulk Raj Anand. New Delhi: Arnold Publishers.

Anandhi, S. 1995. Contending Identities: Dalits and Secular Politics in Madras Slums. New Delhi: ISI.

Antrobus, Peggy. 1989. "The Empowerment of Women”, in R.S. Galin, M. Aronoff, and A. Ferguson, eds., The Women and Development Annual, Volume 1. London: Westview Press.

Anveshi. 1993. Reworking Gender Relations, Redefining Politics: Nellore Village Women Against Arrack. Hyderabad.

Aranha, Celine; Fernando, Peter; and Mahale, Prabha. 1991. Beyond The Fire Line: Perceptions of Eight Tribal Women. New Delhi: Indian Social Institute.

Atal, Yogesh. 1968. The Changing Frontiers of Caste. Delhi: National Publishing House.

Ayukai, Fusanoshin. 1973. Karo Ko, Hakutei Ko, Nuhi Ko. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankokai, Showa 48.

Bagchi, Jasodhara; Guha, Jaba; and Gupta, Piyali Sen. 1993. Girl Child and the Family. Jadavpur University, School of Women's Studies.

Bahl, Vinay. 1997. "Relavance (or Irrelevance) of Subaltern Studies”, EPW, June 7, pp. 1333-44.

Bailey, F. G. 1957. Caste and the Economic Frontier: A Village in Highland Orissa. Manchester: University of Manchester.

Balagopal, K. 1991. "Post-Chundur and Other Chundurs”, EPW, vol. 26, no. 42, October 19. pp. 2399-2405.

Balasubrahmanyan, Vimla. 1988. "The Good, The Tolerable, and the Jarring: Changing Images of Women in FP Propaganda”, Economic and Political Weekly (EPW), December 3, vol. 23, no. 49.

Banks, James A. 1987.Teaching Strategies for Ethnic Studies. 4th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Banks, James A. 1988. Multiethnic Education: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Batliwala, Srilatha. 1983. "Women in Poverty: The Energy, Health and Nutrition Syndrome”, Paper Presented at a Workshop on Women and Poverty at the Center for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, March 17‑18.

Batliwala, Srilata. 1993. Empowerment of Women in South Asia: Concepts and Practices. Delhi: ASSBAF and FAO Freedom from Hunger Campaign, Action and Development.

Batliwala, Srilata. 1994. "The Meaning of Women's Empowerment: New Concepts from Action”, in Gita Sen, Adrienne Germain and Lincoln C. Chen, eds., Population Policies Reconsidered: Healt, Empowerment, and Rights. Boston, MA: Havard School of Public Health. pp. 127-138.

Baudrillard, J. 1983. In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities. NY: Semiotext.

Baxamusa, Ramala M. 1994. "How Developmental are Voluntary Development Organizations”, Paper Presented in All India Conference on Tribals of India: Problems and Perspectives, 23-28th September  at Indore. Bombay: Research Unit on Women's Studies, SNDT Women's University.

Beidelman, Thomas. 1959. A Comparative Analysis of the Jaimani System. Association for Asian Studies, Monographs.

Benjamin, Joseph. 1989. Scheduled Castes in Indian Politics and Society. New Delhi: Ess Ess Publications.

Bennholdt-Thomsen, Veronika. 1984. "Towards A Theory of the Sexual Division of Labor”, in Joan Smith, Immanuel Wallerstein, and Hans-Dieter Evers, eds., Households and the World Economy. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.

Berremen, Gerald D. 1962. "Caste in India and the United States”, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 10, pp. 386-394.

Berremen, Gerald D., ed. 1979. "Self, Situation and Escape from Stigmatised Identity”, in Caste and Other Inequities. Meerut Folklore Institute.

Berryman, Phillip. 1987. Liberation Theology: Essential Facts About the Revolutionary Movement in Latin America and Beyond. NY: Pantheon Books.

Beteille, Andre., ed. 1965. Caste, Class and Power: Changing Patterns of Stratification in a Tanjore Village. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Bhagwat, Vidyut. 1995. "Dalit Women in India: Issues and Perspectives - Some Critical Reflections”, in P. G. Jogdand, ed., Dalit Women in India: Issues and Perspectives. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.

Bhai, P. N. 1986. Harijan Women in Independent India. New Delhi: B. R. Publishing.

Bhanti, Raj. 1994. Awareness Among Rural Women. Delhi: Himanshu Publications.

Bhasin, Kamala. 1985a. Women's Literacy: Why and How? New Delhi: Pauls Press. Pamphlet.

Bhasin, Kamala., ed. 1985b. Towards Empowerment: A Report of an FAO-FFHC/AD South Asia Training for Women Development Workers. New Delhi: FAO-FFHC/AD.

Bhatt, Anil. 1975. Caste, Class and Politics: An Emperical Profile of Social Stratification in Modern India. Delhi: Manhohar Book Service.

Bhatt, Ela R. 1984. "Organizing Self-Employed Women - The SEWA Experiment”. Indian and Foreign Review, August 31, New Delhi, pp. 22‑25.

Bhattacharya, S; and Fleur, Almeida. 1986. "The Caste System and Discrimination in Historical Perspective”, New Frontiers in Education, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 25-32.

Blunt, E. A. H. 1931. Caste System of Northern India. London: Oxford University Press.

Bose, N. K. 1951. "Caste in India”, Man in India, 31: 107-123.

Bose, Pradip Kumar. 1985. "Social Mobility and Caste Violence: A Study of the Gujarat Riots”, in I. P. Desai, ed., Caste, Caste Conflict and Reservations. Centre for Social Studies. Delhi: Adjanta Publications.

Bougle, C. 1971. Essays on the Caste System. Cambridge.

Boyer, Richard E. 1997. "Caste and Identity in Colonial Mexico: A Proposal and an Example”, Occasional Paper, Latin American Studies Consortium of New England, no. 7. Storrs, CT: Center for Latin American & Caribbean Studies, University of Connecticut.

Briggs, G. W. 1920. The Chamars. Calcutta: Association Press (YMCA).

Briggs, G. W. 1930. Doms and Their Near Relations. Mysore: The Wesley Press and Publishing House.

Brown, David L. 1985. "People-Centered Development and Participatory Research”. Harvard Education Review, vol. 55, no. 1. Feburary: 69‑75.

Burnard, Fatima. 1983. "Despite Heavy Odds - Organising Harijan Women in Tamil Nadu Villages”, Manushi, no. 19.

Calman, Leslie J. 1985. Protest in Democratic India: Authority's Response to Challenge. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Campos, J.; and Keatinge, B. 1984. The Carpinteria Preschool Program: Title VII Second Year Evaluation Report. Washington, DC: Department of Education.

Carsten, F. L. 1967. The Rise of Fascism. London: Methuen and Co.

Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. 1995. "Economic Statistics”, Bombay: Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy.

Centre for Women's Studies and Development (CFWSD). 1993. Girl Child and the Family (Eastern Uttar Pradesh). Varanasi: Benares Hindu University, CFWSD.

Chakravarty, B. 1989. Education and Child Labour. Allahabad: Chugh Publications.

Chambers, Robert. 1984. Rural Development: Putting the Last First. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Charkravarti, Uma. 1993. "Conceptualising Brahmanical Patriarchy in Early India: Gender, Caste and State”, EPW, April 3rd.

Charsley, Simon R.; and Karanth, G. K. 1998. Challenging Untouchability: Dalit Initiative and Experience from Karnataka. London: Sage.

Chatterjee, Partha. 1994. "Caste and Subaltern Consciousness”, in Ranajit Guha, ed., Subaltern Studies VI: Writings on South Asian History and Society. Delhi: Oxford Unviersity Press. p. 169-209.

Chaudhary, Pratima. 1995. Women's Education in India: Myth and Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.

Chhachhi, Amrita. 1989. "Forced Identities: The State, Communalism, Fundamentalism and Women in India”, in D. Kandiyoti, ed., Women, Islam and the State. New Delhi: MacMillan.

Chiplunkar, V. V.. 1987. "Education and Development of Women: Project Maher”, Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, vol. 1 (2), pp. 173-190;

Chitnis, S. 1980. "Reservations in Education - The Policy and Practice”, in V. P. Shah, ed., Removal of Untouchability. Ahmedabad: Gujarat University, Department of Sociology.

Cohn, Bernard S. 1954. The Chamars of Senapur: A Study of the Changing Status of a Depressed Caste. Unpublished Book, Cornell University.

Cohn, Bernard S. 1955. "The Changing Status of a Depressed Caste”, in McKim Marriott, ed., Village India: Studies in the Little Community. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Cohn, Bernard S. 1958. "Changing Tradition of a Low Caste”, Journal of American Follore, vol. 21, July.

Cox, O. C. 1948. Caste, Class and Race. NY: Doubleday and Co.

Cummins, Jim. 1983. Heritage Language Education: A Literature Review. Toronto: Ministry of Education.

Cummins, Jim. 1993. "Empowering Minority Students: A Framework for Intervention”, in Lois Weis and Michelle Fine, eds., Beyond Silenced Voices: Class, Race and Gender in United States Schools. NY: State University of New York Press.

CWDS. 1986. The Seeds of Change: Role of Grassroot Rural Women's Organisations in Development. New Delhi: Center for Women's Development Studies;

D'Abreo, Desmond. 1992. NGO's in the Nineties. Bangalore: Foundation for Educational Innovations in Asia (FEDINA).

Dalit Panthers. 1973. Dalit Panthers Manifesto. Bombay.

Darshankar, A. Y. 1991. "Job Reservation Policy”, in A. A. Engineer, ed., Mandal Commission Controversy. Delhi: Ajanta Publications.

Das, Bhagwan. 1995. "Socio-Economic Problems of Dalits”, in Bhagwan Das and James Massey, eds. Dalit Solidarity. Delhi: Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (ISPCK).

Das, Man Singh. 1976. "A Cross-National Study of Inter-Caste Conflict in India and the United States”, International Journal of Contemporary Sociology”, vol. 13, nos. 3 & 4, pp. 261-77.

Dekhtawala, Pramila. 1992. "Education for Women's Equality”, Progress of Education, vol. 66, No. 9, April, pp. 214-217.

Desai, Haribhai G., and Uchat, D.A. 1981. "Self concept of Harijan Students and Attitudes of Other Students Towards Them”, Indian Educational Review, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 44-50.

Desai, I. P. 1976. Untouchability in Rural Gujarat. Bombay: Popular Prakashan.

Devasia, Leelamma; and Devasia, V. V. 1994. Empowering Women for Sustainable Development. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

Devi, Swarnalatha. 1994. "The Struggle of Dalit Christian Women in India”, in Ursula King, ed., Feminist Theology from the Third World: A Reader. London: SPCK.

Dhamija, J. 1981. "Women and Handicrafts: Myths and Reality”, in Seeds, no. 4.

Dhanagare, D. N. 1989. "Action Groups and Social Transformation in India”, in Lokayan Bulletin, vol. 6 (5), pp 37-59.

Dhruvarajan, Vanaja. 1989. Hindu Women and the Power of Ideology. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.

Dietrich, Gabriele. 1992. "Dalit Movements and Women's Movement”, in Reflection on the Women's Movement in India. New Delhi: Horizons India Books.

Dighe, Anita. 1985. "Programmes with Focus on Women's Involvement: The Case of India”, in Issues in Planning and Implementing National Literacy Programmes. G. Carron and A. Bordia, Eds. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning;

Dighe, Anita. 1995. "Deconstructing Literacy Primers”, EPW, July 1.

Dube, S. C. 1955. Indian Village. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Dunn, Dana. 1993. "Gender Inequity in Education and Employment in the Scheduled Castes and Tribes of India”, in Population Research and Policy Review, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 53-71.

Dutt, Nripendra Kumar. 1931. Origin and Growth of Caste in India. London: Keagan Paul, Trench and Trabner.

Dwivedi, Kamla. 1991. "Education and Women”, Teacher Education, vol. 25, No. 54-55. January-June, pp. 63-64;

Ekstrand, Lars. 1989. "The Future of Nonformal Education for Women in India”, Paper Presented at Symposium Women and Literacy: Yesterday, Today, and Tommorrow, at Nordic Association for the Study of Education in Developing Countries, Stockholm, June 8-10.

Ellis, Patricia. 1995. "Non-Formal Education and Empowerment of Women: Insights from the Caribbean”, Convergence. Vol. XXVIII, No. 3.

Ellsworth, E. 1992. "Why Doesn't This Feel Empowering? Working Through the Repressive Myths of Critical Pedagogy”, in C. Luke and J. Gore, eds., Feminisms and Critical Pedagogy, pp. 90-119. NY: Routledge.

EPW. 1990. "Review of Women Studies - Ideology of Motherhood”, EPW, v25, nos. 42 and 43, Oct. 20-27. pp. WS-50 to WS-116.

EPW. 1992. "Development for Whom? Critique of Rajasthan Program”, Economic and Political Weekly (EPW), Feburary 1, Vol. 22, no. 5.

EPW. 1993. "Reworking Gender Relations, Redefining Politics: Nellore Village Women Against Arrack”. EPW, vol. 28, nos. 3 and 4, Januuary 16-23, p. 87-90.

Everett, Jana. 1986. "We Were in the Forefront of the Fight: Feminist Theory and Practice in Indian  Grassroots Movements”. South Asia Bulletin, Vol. VI, no. 1, Spring.

Fernandes, Walter. 1996. The Emerging Dalit Identity: The Re-Assertion of the Subalterns. New Delhi: ISI.

Fisherman, A. T. 1941. Cultural Change and Underprivileged: A Study of Madigas in South India. Madras: Under Christian Guidance.

Forbes, Jack D. 1988. Black Africans and Native Americans: Color, Race, and Caste in the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples. NY: Blackwell.

Franco, F.; and Parmar, Vijay. 1996. "Dalit Organizations: Reconstituting Reality”, in Walter Fernandes, ed., The Emerging Dalit Identity: The Re-Assertion of the Subalterns. New Delhi: ISI.

Freidman, J. 1992. Empowerment, The Politics of Alternative Development. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.

Freire, Paulo. 1970. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. NY: Seabury Press.

Freire, Paulo. 1973. Education for Critical Consciousness. NY: Continuum.

Freire, Paulo. 1985. The Politics of Education: Culture, Power, and Liberation. NY: Bergin & Garvey.

Frontline. 1997. Special Issue on the 50th Anniversary of Independence. August 22.

Frontline. 1998a. Hindu Fascists Doctoring Textbooks for Hate. 15:23. Nov. 07 - 20.

Frontline. 1998b. Vidya Bharati Schools and Their Spreading Network of Hate. 15:23. Nov. 07 - 20.

Gadgil, Madhav; and Guha, Ramachandra. 1992. The Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Galanter, Marc. 1961. "Equality and Protective Discrimination in India”, Rutger's Law Review, 16: 42-74.

Galanter, Marc. 1963. "Law and Caste in Modern India”, Asian Review, vol. 3, no. 2: 3544-59.

Galanter, Marc. 1969. "Untouchability and the Law”, EPW, annual no., January :131-70.

Galanter, Marc. 1984. Competing Inequalities: Law and the Backward Classes in India. CA: University of California Press.

Gandhi, M. K. 1954a. The Removal of Untouchability. Ahmedabad: Navjivan Publishing House.

Gandhi, M. K. 1954b. For Workers Against Untouchability. Ahmedabad: Navjivan Publishing House.

Gandhi, Nandita. 1996. When the Rolling Pins Hit the Steets: Women and the Anti Price Rise Movement in Maharashtra. New Delhi: Kali for Women.

Gandhi, Nandita and Shah, Nandita. 1991. The Issues at Stake: Theory and Practice in the Contemporary Women's Movement in India. New Delhi: Kali for Women.

Gangadharan, K. K. 1970. Sociology of Revivalism: A Study of Indianisation, Sanskritisation and Golwalkarism. New Delhi: Kalmakar Prakashan.

Garain, Swapan. 1993. "Training Grassroots Level Workers in Empowering the Rural Poor: The Case of an Indian NGO”, in Indian Journal of Social Work, vol. 54 (3), pp. 381-392.

Ghurye, G. S. 1961. Caste, Class and Occupation. Bombay: Popular Prakashan.

Ghurye, G. S. 1979. Caste and Class in India. Bombay: Popular Books. Originally published in 1932.

Gill, S. S. 1990. "Mandal: Myth of Merit and Equity" in Times of India, Sept. 4.

Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge, MA: Havard University Press.

Gilroy, Paul. 1987. There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Ginwalla, Persis; and Ramanathan, Suguna. 1996. "Dalit Women as Receivers and Modifiers of Discourse”, in Walter Fernandes, ed., The Emerging Dalit Identity: The Re-Assertion of the Subalterns. New Delhi: Indian Social Institute.

Giroux, Henry A. 1991. Postmodernism, Feminism, and Cultural Politics: Redrawing Educational Boundaries. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Giroux, Henry A.; and McLaren, Peter., eds. 1994. Between Borders: Pedagogy and the Politics of Cultural Studies. NY: Routledge.

Gnanadason, Aruna. 1990. "Dalit Women - The Dalit of the Dalit”, in Arvind P. Nirmal, ed., Towards A Common Dalit Ideology. Madras: Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute, p 109- 120.

Gnanadason, Aruna. 1994. "Women and Spirituality in Asia”, in Ursula King, ed., Feminist Theology from the Third World: A Reader. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.

Goela, Usha. 1992. "Programmes for the Development of Women in the Government of India”, in Lakshmi Mishra, ed., Women's Issues: An  Indian Perspective. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre.

Gollnick, D. M.; and Chinn, P. C. 1990. Multicultural Education in a Pluralistic Society. 3rd ed. Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing Co.

Gordon, Fon Louise. 1995. Caste & Class: The Black Experience in Arkansas, 1880-1920. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

Government of India. 1974. Towards Equality: Report on the Committee on Status of Women in India. New Delhi: Department of Social Welfare, GOI.

Government of India. 1980. 26th Report of the Commissioner for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, Part II. New Delhi: Controller of Publications, GOI.

Government of India. 1989. "Memorandum: Statement of Proposal/Scheme, File no. F.14-59/89-PN (D-ii)”. New Delhi: GOI.

Government of India. 1991. Mahila Samakhya - Education for Women's Equality. September. New Delhi: GOI.

Government of India. 1993a. Education for All: The Indian Scene, 2nd edition. October. Delhi: GOI.

Government of India. 1993b. Education for All: The Indian Scene - Widening Horizons. December. New Delhi: GOI.

Government of Karnataka. 1977. Karnataka State Gazetteer: Bidar District. Bangalore: GOK Publication.

Government of Karnataka. 1990a. Report of the Karnataka Third Backward Classes Commission, Vols. I and II. Bangalore: GOK.

Government of Karnataka. 1990b. Economic Survey 1990-1991. Bangalore: GOK Planning Department.

Government of Karnataka. 1993. Overview of Mahila Samakhya Karnataka 1989-1992. Bangalore: Mahila Samakhya Karnataka, GOK.

Government of Karnataka. 1994a. Mahila Samakhya Annual Report: 1992-93. Bangalore: Mahila Samakhya Karnataka, GOK.

Government of Karnataka. 1994b. Karnataka State Gazetteer Decennial Supplement (1983-93). Bangalore: GOK Publication.

Government of Karnataka. 1995. Mahila Samakhya Annual Report: 1993-94. Bangalore: Mahila Samakhya Karnataka, GOK.

Goyal, Munish. 1988. "Programmes of Department of Rural Development Like IRDP, TRYSEM and DWCRA”, Paper Presented at the National Workshop on Female Headed Households, New Delhi.

Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks, edited and translated by Quintin Hoare and G. N. Smith. NY: International Publishers.

Griffin, Susan. 1978. Woman and Nature: The Roaring Within Her. NY: Haper & Row.

Griffin, Susan. 1979. Rape, the Power of Consciousness. NY: Haper & Row.

Griffin, Susan. 1981. Pornography as Silence: Culture's Revenge Against Nature. NY: Haper & Row.

Guha, Ranajit. ed. 1982. Subaltern Studies: Writings on South Asian History and Society. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Guha, Ranajit. 1983. Elementary Forms of Peasant Insurgency in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Guha, Ranajit. ed. 1984. Subaltern Studies III: Writings on South Asian History and Society. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Gupta, Dipankar. 1984. "Continuous Hierarchies and Discrete Castes”, Economic and Political Weekly, no. 19, p. 46-8 (17 and 24 November and 1 December), pp. 1955-8, 2003-5, 2049-53.

Gupta, Shaibal. 1994. "Caste, Class and Landholding in the Analysis of Technology and Agricultural Production in Bihar”, in K. L. Sharma, ed., Caste and Class in India. New Delhi: Rawat Publications.

Gupta, S. K. 1980. "Harijan Legislation: Their Alienation and Activism: A Case Study of Harijan Power”, Indian Journal of Political Science, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 457-70.

Gupta, S. K. 1985. Scheduled Castes in Modern Indian Politics: Their Emergence as a Political Power. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.

Gupta, Shanti S. 1991. Varna, Castes and Scheduled Castes: A Documentation in Historical Perspective With a Classified Index to Scholarly Writings in Indian Journals (1890-1990). New Delhi: Concept Pub Co.

Guru, Gopal. 1991. "Hinduisation of Ambedkar in Maharashtra”, EPW, vol. 26, no. 7, February 16. pp. 339-341.

Haque, Tanja. 1996. "Understanding Women's Empowerment Practices: A Case Study from Bangladesh”. Paper presented to the international conference, Bangladesh 1971-1996: Past, Present and Future. 13-155 December, London.

Harding, Sandra. 1987. Feminism and Methodology. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Hashemi, S. M.; and Schuler, R. 1993. "Defining and Studying Empowerment of Women: A Research Note from Bangladesh”, ISI Working Paper 3. Arlington, VA: ISI Research and Training Institute.

Helleman, C. 1992. Women, Education and Development. Sector Paper for the Netherlands' Women and Development Policy.

Hocart, A. M. 1950. Caste. London: Mathew and Co.

Hollup, Oddvar. 1994. Bonded Labour: Caste and Cultural Identity Among Tamil Plantation Workers in Sri Lanka. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.

Hooja, G. B. K. 1990. "The New Education Policy and Women's Development”, in Devasia and Devasia, eds., Women In India: Equality, Social Justice and Development. New Delhi: Indian Social  Institute.

Horner, I. B. 1990. Women Under Primitive Buddhism: Laywomen and Almswomen. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.

Hutton, J. H. 1946. Caste in India: Its Nature, Function and Origins. 3rd Edition. London: Cambridge University Press.

Hyde, Janet Shibley. 1996. Half the Human Experience: The Psychology of Women. Fifth edition. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Co.

Ilaiah, Kancha. 1996. Why I Am Not A Hindu: A Sudra Critique of Hindutva Philosophy, Culture and  Political Economy. Calcutta: Samya.

Illich, Ivan. 1971. Deschooling Society. NY: Harper and Row.

Israney, S. M.. 1989. "Status of Women in the Academic World: Indian Context”, University News, vol. 27 (2-3), pp. 11-14;

Jain, Devaki, and Chand, Malini. 1982. "Report on a Time-Allocation Study - Its Methodological Implications”, Paper Presented at a Technical Seminar on Women's Work and Employment. Institute of Social Studies Trust, April 9‑11.

Jain, Devaki. 1984. "India: A Condition Across Caste and Class”, in Morgan, ed. Sisterhood is Global. NY: Anchor Books, pp. 305-309.

Jain, Sharada, et al. 1988. Exploring Possibilities: A Review of the Women's Development                       Programme, Rajasthan. Jaipur, India. Delhi: Institute of Development Studies.

Jayanntha, Dilesh. 1992. Electoral Allegiance in Sri Lanka. NY: Cambridge University Press.

Jayaraman, R. 1975. Caste Continuities in Ceylon. Bombay.

Jejeebhoy, Shireen J. 1993. "Family Size, Outcomes for Children, and Gender Disparities: Case of Rural Maharashtra”, EPW, XXVII, 35, August 28, pp 1811-21.

Jenkins, E. 1871. The Coolie: His Rights and Wrongs. NY: George Routledge and Sons.

Jesudason, Victor; Roy, Prodipto; and Koshy, T. A. 1981. Non-Formal Education for Rural Women to Promote the Development of the Young Child. New Delhi: Allied Publishers;

Jha, P. 1987. Girls Education Campus, Chhindwara: An Evaluation Study. Bhopal, MP: Tribal Research Institute.

Jiggins, Janice; Dighe, Anital; Jain, Sharda; and op het Veld, Henk. 1990. Report of an Indo-Dutch Review Mission 29-2-90 to 20-2-90. Vol. I: Report. Delhi: GOI.

Jogdand, Prahlad G. 1991. Dalit Movement in Maharashtra. New Delhi: Kanak Publications.

Jogdand, P. G. ed., 1995. Dalit Women: Issues and Perspectives. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.

Johri, Alok; and Krishnakumar, N. 1991. "Poverty and Common Property Resources: Case Study of a Rope Making Industry”, EPW, vol. 26, no. 50, December 14. pp. 2897-2902.

Joseph, Ammu. 1993. "Brewing Trouble”, The Hindu, March 7.

Joshi, Barbara. R. 1977. "The Buddhist Movement of Western Uttar Pradesh”. Mimeographed Paper, March 27.

Joshi, Barbara R. ed. 1986. Untouchable! Voices of the Dalit Liberation Movement. London: Zed Books.

Joshi, Barbara. R. 1987. "Recent Developments of Inter-Regional Mobilization of Dalit Protest in India”, South Asia Bulletin, vol. 7.

Kabeer, N. ed., 1994. Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought. London: Verso.

Kabeer, N. 1995. "Targeting Women or Transforming Institutions? Policy Lessons From NGO Anti-Poverty Efforts”, Development Practice, Vol. 5, no. 2.

Kadam, K. N. 1991. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and the Significance of His Movement. New Delhi: National Pub. House.

Kakade, S. R. 1990. Scheduled Castes and National Integration: A Study of Marathwada. New Delhi: Radiant Pub.

Kalbagh, Chetana. 1991. Ed. Women and Development: Women's Struggles for Equality and Emancipation, Vol. 5. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.

Kamble, Akatai. 1986. "My Story”, Lokayan Bulletin, vol. 4, no. 6, p 20.

Kamble, J. R. 1979. Rise and Awakening of Depressed Classes in India. New Delhi: National Publishers.

Kamble, N. D. 1981. Atrocities on Scheduled Castes. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

Kamble, N. D. 1982. The Scheduled Castes. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

Kamble, N. D. 1983. Deprived Castes and their Struggle for Equality. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

Kamble, Vinay. 1989. Dhammalipi (a Marati fortnightly). Bombay. January-March.

Kamila, Banu Behari. 1985. "A Study of Attitude of Students Towards School of Harijans and Tribal Welfare Department High School of Orissa”, Journal of Education and Psychology, vol. 43, vol. 3-4, p. 187-92.

Kananaikil, Jose. 1993a. Scheduled Caste Converts in Search of Justice, Part III. Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Orders (Amendment) Bill, 1990. Monograph. New Delhi: ISI.

Kananaikil, Jose. 1993b. "The Caste System: The Indian Name for Exploitation”, in S. L. Raj, and G. F. X. Raj, eds., Caste Culture in Indian Church: The Response of Church to the Problem of Caste Within the Christian Community. New Delhi: Indian Social Institute.

Kannibaran, V., and Kannibaran, K. 1991. "Caste and Gender: Understanding Dynamics of Power and Violence”, EPW, Sept. 14.

Kapadia, Karin. 1994. "Bonded by Blood: Matrilateral Kin in Tamil Kinship”, EPW, XXIX, 15, April 9: pp 855-61.

Kapadia, Karin. 1995. Siva and Her Sisters: Gender, Caste and Class in Rural South India. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Kapur, Ratna; and Cossman, Brenda. 1993. "Communalising Gender/Engendering Community: Women, Legal Discourse and Saffron Agenda”, EPW, vol. 28, no. 17. April 24. pp. WS-35 to WS-44.

Karl, Marilee. 1995. Women and Empowerment: Participation and Empowerment. London: Zed Books.

Karlekar, M. 1982. "Some Perspectives on the Employment of Scheduled Castes Women”, Social Action, vol. 32, p. 292-302.

Karnataka Cultural and Educational Development Trust. 1994. "Evaluation of TLC in Bidar District: Interim Report”. Gulbarga: Karnataka Cultural and Educational Development Trust

Kaul, Rekha. 1993. Caste, Class and Education: Politics of the Capitation Fee Phenomenon in Karnataka. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

Karve, Irawati. 1961. Hindu Society: An Interpretation. Poona: Sangam Press.

Kavita, Shobha, Shobita, Kanchan, and Sharada. 1988. "Rural Women Speak”, Seminar, pp. 40-44.

Kelkar, G.; and Mahlans, N. 1982. "Women Are Conscious”. Sangharsh. Bangalore, India: Vimochana, Forum for Women's Rights.

Khan, Mumtaz Ali. 1980. Scheduled Castes and their Status in India. New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House.

Khan, Mumtaz Ali. 1994. Reservation for Scheduled Castes: Gaps Between Policy and Implementation. New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House.

Khan, M. E.; Ghosh, S. K.; Singh, D.; and Singh, R. 1983. "Nutrition and Health Practices Among Rural Women - A Case Study of Uttar Pradesh, India”. Working Paper No. 31, Operations Research Group, Delhi.

Khandekar, Shubha. 1990. "Phule Scheme: Shot in the Arm for Rural Women's Education”, Free Press Journal, vol. 4, August 21.

Khare, R. S. 1983. The Untouchable as Himself: Ideology, Identity and Pragmatism among the Lucknow Chamars. Delhi: Cambridge University Press;

Khullar, Mala. 1991. "In Search of `Relevant' Education”, Occasional Paper N. 17. New Delhi: Centre For Women's Development Studies (CWDS).

Kindervatter, S. 1979. Nonformal Education as an Empowering Process. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts.

Kimmelstrand, Karin. 1989. "Can an Aid Bureaucracy Empower Women? The Case of SIDA”, Issue: A Journal of Opinion, vol. 37 (2): 41.

Kishwar, Madhu. 1991. "Beyond For or Against: Exploring the Complexities of Reservations”, Manushi, Numbers 53-64, March-June.

Klass, Morton. 1980. Caste: The Emergence of A South Asian Social System. Philadelphia, PA: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.

Kolenda, Pauline. 1963. "Toward a Model of the Hindu Jajmani System”, Human Organization, 22:1

Kolenda, Pauline. 1978. Caste in Contemporary India: Beyond Organic Solidarity. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin-Cummings.

Kosambi, D. D. 1956. Myth and Reality: Studies in the Formation of Indian Culture. Bombay: Popular Prakashan.

Kothari, Rajni. 1986. "On The Non-Party Political Process: The NGOs, the State and World Capitalism”, in Lokayan Bulletin, vol. 4 (5), p. 6-28.

Kothari, Rajni. 1991. "Caste and Politics: The Great Secular Upsurge”, in A. A. Engineer, ed., Mandal Commission Controversy. Delhi: Ajanta Publications. pp. 32-36.

Kothari, Rajni. 1992. "Pluralism and Secularism: Lessons of Ayodhya”, EPW, December 19-26.

Kothari, Rajni. 1993. "An All-Out Brahminic Offensive Against the Masses”, The Pioneer, January 26.

Kothari, Rajni. 1994. "Rise of the Dalits and the Renewed Debate on Caste”, EPW, XXIX, 26: pp 1589-94.

Kshirsagar, R. K. 1994. Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders (1857-1956). New Delhi: MD Pub.

Kuchabhan, Mumtaz Ali. 1995. Human Rights and the Dalits. New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House.

Lacan, Jacques. 1978. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Analysis. NY: W.W. Norton & Co.

Leach, Edmund R., ed. 1971. Aspects of Caste in South India, Cleyon, and North-West Pakistan. NY: Cambridge University Press.

Leopold, Joan. 1970. "The Aryan Theory of Race”, IESHR, pp. 270-97.

Lephoto, Manthoto H. 1995. "Educating Women for Empowerment in Lesotho”, Convergence, Vol. XXVIII, No. 3.

Lieten, G. K. 1992. "Literacy in a Post-Land Reform Village”, EPW, vol. 27, no. 3, January 18, pp. 103-9.

Limbale, Sharan Kumar. ed., 1989. Dalit Panther. Pune: Sugawa Publications.

Lind, Agneta; and Johnson, A. 1990. Adult Literacy in the Third World: A Review of Objectives and Strategies. Stockholm: SIDA.

Lokayan Bulletin. 1986a. "Editorial", Vol. 4, No. _, May-August.

Lokayan Bulletin. 1986b. "Special Issue on the Women's Movement”, vol. 4 (6).

Lutz, Christopher. 1994. Santiago de Guatemale, 1541-1773: City, Caste, and the Colonial Experience. Norman: Univerisyt of Oklahoma Press.

Lynch, Owen M.  1969. The Politics of Untouchability: Social Mobility and Social Change in a City of India. New York: Columbia University Press.

Lynch, Owen M. 1970. "Political Mobilisation and Ethnicity Among Adi-Dravidas in a Bombay Slum”, EPW, vol 9, no. 39, :1657-68.

Madhavananda, Swami and and Majumdar, Ramesh C., eds. 1993. Great Women of India. Mayavati: Advaita Ashrama.

Mahajan, A. 1990. "Instigators of Wife Battering”, in Sushma Sood, ed., Violence Against Women. Jaipur: Arihant Publishers. pp. 1-10.

Mahajan, Gurupreet. 1994. "Ambedkar in Retrospect”, EPW, XXIX, 26: pp 1586-7.

Mahar, Michael J. ed., 1972. The Untouchables in Contemporary India. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.

Mandelbaum, David. 1972. Society in India. 2 volumes. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Manimala. 1983. "`Zameen Kenkar? Jote Onkar!' The Story of Women's Participation in the Bodhgaya    Struggle”, Manushi, January-Feburary, Vol. 3, no. 2:2‑16.

Mann, K. 1987. Tribal Women in a Changing Society. Delhi: Mittal Publications.

Manorama, Ruth. 1994. "Dalit Women: Downtrodden Among the Downtrodden. in James Massey, ed., Indigenous People: Dalits - Dalit Issues in Today's Theological Debate. Delhi: Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (ISPCK).

March, K.; and Taqqu, R. 1986. Women's Informal Associaltions in Developing Countries: Catalysts for Change? London: Westview Press.

Marriott, Mckim. ed., 1955. Village India: Studies in the Little Community. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Marriott, Mckim. 1959. "Interactional and Attributional Theories of Caste Ranking”, Man in India, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 92-107.

Marriott, Mckim. ed., 1965. Caste Ranking and Community in Five Religious of India and Pakistan. Poona: Deccan College.

Marriott, Mckim; and Inden, Ronald. 1974. "Caste Systems”, Encyclopedia Britannica.

Mathew, P. M. 1991. "Women and the So-called Informal Sector: Strategies and Counter Strategies of Struggle”, in Chetana Kalbagh, ed. Women and Development: Women's Struggles for Equality and Emancipation, Vol. 5. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.

Mathew, P. D., ed. 1994. Babubigha Scheduled Caste People Show the Way. Struggle For Justice Series 2. New Delhi: ISI.

Mayer, Adrian C. 1956. "Some Hierarchical Aspects of Caste”, South Western Journal of Anthropology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 144-45.

Mayoux, Linda C. 1989. "Income Generation for Women in India: Problems and Prospects”, in Development Policy Review, vol. 7(1), pp. 5-29.

Mazumdar, Vina and Pandey, Balaji. 1988. National Specialised Agencies and Women's Equality: National Council of Educational Research and Training. New Delhi: Centre for Women's Development Studies (CWDS).

Mbonimpa, Melchior. 1993. Hutu, Tutsi, Twa: Pour une Societe Sans Castes au Burundi. Paris: L'Harmattan.

McCarthy, Florence E. 1993. "Development from Within: Forms of Resistance to Development Processes Among Rural Bangladeshi Women”, in Gender and Political Economy. NY: Oxford University Press.

McGilvray, D. B. 1982. "Sexual Power and Fertility in Sri Lanka: Batticaloa Tamils and Moors”, in C. P. MacCormack, ed., Ethnography of Fertility and Birth. London: Academic Press.

Mehta, B. C. 1993. "Economics of Fertility Decisions in the Tribal Region of Rajasthan”, in Social Action: A Quarterly Review of Social Trends, vol. 43 (3), July-September, pp. 339-357.

Meillasoux, Claude. 1973. "Are There Castes in India?" Economy and Society, vol 3.

Mencher, Joan. 1974. "The Caste System Upside Down, or the Not-So-Mysterious East”, Current Anthropology, vol. 15.

Metha, M. L. 1985. "Women: Education and Training”, Paper Presented at the International Conference on Women and Development, Jaipur.

Mies, Maria. 1983. "Landless Women Organize: Case Study of an Organization in Rural Andhra”, Manushi. Vol. 3, no. 2: 2-18.

Millican, J. 1992. "Women, Literacy and Learning in Britain and Bangladesh”, in VENA Journal, vol. 4 (1). Vina Mazumdar. 1988. "Education and Rural Women: Towards an Alternative Perspective”, Occasional Paper No. 11. New Delhi: Centre for Women's Development Studies (CWDS).

Ministry of Human Resource Development. 1986. National Policy on Education. New Delhi" MHRD, Dept. of Education.

Mishkaben, Marija Sres. 1996. To Survive and To Prevail: Stories of the Tribal Women of Sabarkantha. New Delhi: ISI.

Mishra, Lakshmi. 1992. Ed. Women's Issues: An Indian Perspective. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre.

Mitter, Sara S. 1991. Dharma's Daughters: Contemporary Indian Women and Hindu Culture. NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Miura, Keiichi. 1990. Nihon Chusei Senminshi No Kenkyu. Kyoto-shi: Buraku Mondai Kenkyujo.

Molyneux, M. 1985. "Mobilization Without Emancipation? Women's Interests, State and Revolution in Nicaragua”, Feminist Studies, 11:2.

Moser, Caroline O. N. 1989. "Gender Planningin the Third World”, World Development, 17:11.

Moser, Caroline O. N. 1993. Gender and Development Planning: Theory, Practice and Training. London: Routledge.

Mukhopadhyay, Ashim. 1994. "Girl Child in Three Indian States”, EPW. vol. 29, no. 23, pp. 1379-82.

Mukund, Kanakalatha. 1992. "Tumeric Land: Women's Property Rights in Tamil Society Since Early Medieval Times”, EPW, vol. 27, no. 17, April 25. pp. WS-2 to WS-6.

Murugkar, Lata. 1991. Dalit Panther Movement in Maharashtra: A Sociological Appraisal. Bombay: Popular Prakashan.

Nataraj, V. K. 1990. "Backward Classes and Minorities in Karnataka Politics”, in Ramashray Roy and Richard Sisson, eds., Diversity and Dominance in Indian Politics: Division, Deprivation and the Congress. Vol. II. New Delhi: Sage Publications, pp. 170-186.

Nagaraj, D. R. 1993. The Flaming Feet: A Study of the Dalit Movement. Bangalore: South Forum Press.

Nair, Ravindran G. 1983. "Education: Why Do More Girls Drop Out?" Kurukshetra, vol. 31 (15), pp. 14-16.

Nameshroy, Mohan Dass. 1995. "Dalit Literature, Women and Religion”, in Bhagwan Das and James Massey, eds., Dalit Solidarity. Delhi: ISPCK. pp. 185-189.

Nath, Trilok. 1987. Politics of the Depressed Classes. Delhi: Deputy Publications.

Nesfield, J. C. 1885. Brief View of the Caste System of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh. Allahabad.

Nieuwenhuys, Olga. 1990. Angels with Callous Hands: Children's Work in Rural Kerala (India). Ph.D. Book. Amstersam: Free University;

O'Hanlon, Rosalind. 1985. Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotiba Phule and Low-Caste Social Protest in Nineteenth Century Western India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

O'Hanlon, Rosalind; and Washbrook, David. 1992. "After Orientalism: Culture, Criticism and Politics in the Third World”, Comparative Study of  Society and History, vol. 34/1, pp. 141-167.

Ogbu, J. U. 1978. Minority Education and Caste. NY: Academic Press.

O'Malley, L.S.S. 1932. Indian Caste Customs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Omvedt, Gail. 1976. Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society: The Non-Brahmin Movement in Western India - 1873 to 1930. Bombay: Scientific Socialist Education Trust.

Omvedt, Gail. 1978. "Class Struggle or Caste War”, Frontier, Calcutta. vol. 2, no. 8-11, Sept. 30, pp. 30-40.

Omvedt, Gail. 1989. "Rural Women Fight for Independence”, EPW April 29.

Omvedt, Gail. 1991. "`Twice-Born' Riot Against Democracy”, in A. A. Engineer, ed., Mandal Commission Controversy. Delhi: Ajanta Publications. pp. 6-24.

Omvedt, Gail. 1994. Dalits and the Democratic Revolution: Dr. Ambedkar and the Dalit Movement  in Colonial India. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

Omvedt, Gail. 1995. Dalit Visions: The Anti-caste Movement and the Construction of Indian Identity. Hyderabad: Orient Longman Ltd.

Onwubiko, Oliver A. 1993. "Facing the OSU Issue in the African Synod: A Personal Response”, Christian Mission and Culture in Africa, vol. 3.

Pai, Y. 1990. Cultural Foundations of Education. Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing Co.

Pandey, Gyanendra. 1990. The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India. Delhi: OUP.

Pandey, Gyanendra. 1991. "Hindus and Others: The Militant Hindu Construction”, EPW, Dec. 28.

Pantawane, Gangadhar. 1986. "Evolving a New Identity: The Development of a Dalit Culture”, in B. Joshi 1986., p 79-87.

Papanek, H. 1990. "To Each Less Than She Needs, From Each More Than She Can Do”, in Tinker, ed., Persistent Inequalities. NY: Oxford Universiy Press, pp. 162-181.

Parvathamma, C. 1984. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes: A Socio-Economic Survey. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

Parvathamma, C. 1973. "Ambedkar and After: The Position and Future of Indian SC Masses”, Eastern Anthropology, vol. 26.

Parvathamma, C. 1986. New Horizons and Scheduled Castes. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

Parvathamma, C. 1989. Scheduled Castes At the Cross Roads. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

Parish, Steven M. 1996. Hierarchy and its Discontents: Culture and the Politics of Consciousness in Caste Society. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Patai, Daphne. 1991. "U.S. Academics and Third World Women: Is Ethical Research Possible?" in Sherna B. Gluck and Daphne Patai, eds. Women's Words: The Feminist Practice of Oral History. NY: Routledge. pp. 137-154.

Patel, Tara. 1984. Development of Education Among Tribal Women. Delhi: Mittal Publication;

Patnaik, Nitayananda. 1969. Caste and Social Change: An Anthropological Study of Three Orissa Villages. Hyderabad: National Institute of Community Development.

Pawde, Kumud. 1995. "The Position of Dalit Women in Indian Society”, in Bhagwan Das and James Massey, eds. Dalit Solidarity. Delhi: Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (ISPCK). p. 145-164.

Phule, Jotirao. 1991. Collected Works of Mahatma Jotirao Phule, Volume II. Selections translated by P. G. Patil. Bombay: Government of Maharashtra. pp. 39-40.

Pigozzi, M. 1982. "Participation in Non-formal Education Projects: Some Possible Negative Outcomes”, Convergence, vol. 15 (3), pp. 6-16;

Pimpalapure, Meena. 1992. "Role of Voluntary Organizations in Women's Development”, in Lakshmi Mishra, ed., Women's Issues: An Indian Perspective. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre.

Pinto, Ambrose. 1994. "Politics of Reservation”, EPW, XXIX, 35, August 27. pp. 2270-1.

Pinto, Ambrose. 1996. "Karnataka: Atrocities on Dalits and Dalit Sangarshan Samiti's Response”, in Walter Fernandes, ed., The Emerging Dalit Identity: The Re-Assertion of the Subalterns. New Delhi: ISI.

Poliakov, Leon. 1974. The Aryan Myth. NY: New American Library.

Prabhavathi, M. 1995. "Dalit Women in Contemporary Indian Situation”, in P. G. Jogdand, ed., Dalit Women in India: Issues and Perspectives. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.

Prakash, Gyan. 1992. "Can the 'Subaltern' Ride? A reply to O'Hanlon and Washbrook”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 34:1.

Prakash, Prem. 1993. Ambedkar, Politics and Scheduled Castes. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

PRIA (Society for Participatory Research in Asia). 1991. Voluntary Development Organisations in India: A Study of History, Roles and Future Challenges. New Delhi: PRIA.

Punalekar, S. P. 1980. "Aspects of Class and Caste in Social Tensions: A Study of Marathwada Riots”. Mimeo. Surat: Centre for Social Studies.

Punalekar, S. P. 1995. "On Dalitism and Gender”, in P. G. Jogdand, ed., Dalit Women in India: Issues and Perspectives. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House in collaboration with University of Poona, Pune. p. 8-17.

Purandare, C. K. 1995. 'People of India': Some Prima Facie Inferences With Reference to Secheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes”, in P. G. Jogdand, ed.. Dalit Women in India: Issues and Perspectives. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.

Puri, Balraj. 1971. "Caste and Class and Party Polarisation”, EPW, VI, 27, pp 1317-18.

Qadeer, Imrana. 1988. "Roop Kanwar and Shah Bano”, Seminar, no. 342, Feburary. pp 1-33.

Qureshi, Moeen A.. 1988. "The World Bank and NGOs: New Approaches”, in Lokayan Bulletin, vol. 6 (4), pp. 45-53.

Raj, Maithreyi K. 1986. "Women and Development”, in Lokayan Bulletin, vol. 4 (6), p. 72.

Raj, Sebasti L., ed. 1991. Quest for Gender Justice: A Critique of the Status of Women in India. Madras: T. R. Publications

Raj, Sebasti L., and Raj, G. F. Xavier., eds. 1993. Caste Culture in Indian Church: The Response of Church to the Problem of Caste Within the Christian Community. New Delhi: Indian Social Institute.

Rajshekar, V. T. 1978. Dalit Movement in Karnataka. Madras: Christian Literature Society.

Rajshekar, V. T. 1994. Brahminism: Father of Fascism, Racism, Nazism. Bangalore: Dalit Sahitya Akademy.

Ram, Nandu. 1995. Beyond Ambedkar: Essays on Daits in India. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.

Ramabai, Pandita. 1982. The High-Caste Hindu Woman. Bombay: Government of Maharashtra. Originally published in 1887.

Ramanamma, A. 1993. "Economic Policies and the Impact on Education of Women in Maharashtra”, Paper presented at Sixth National Conference of the Indian Association for Women's Studies, 31st May to 3rd June. University of Mysore.

Ramsey, P.G.; Vold, E.B.; and Williams, L.A. 1989. Multicultural Education: A Source Book. NY: Garland Publishing Company.

Ranadive, B. T. 1982. Caste, Class and Property Relations. Calcutta.

Rao, B. S. Vasudeva. 1988. National Adult Education Programme in Visakhapatnam District. Delhi: Himalaya Publishing House; 1986. "Adult Education Programme: A Study on Women's Performance”. Indian Journal of Adult Education, Vol. 47, (6) June, pp. 8-12.

Rao, Hanumantha G. 1977. Caste and Poverty: A Case Study of Scheduled Castes in a Delta Village. Mulikipuram: Savithri Publication.

Rao, M. S. A. 1978. Social Movement and Social Transformation: A Study of Backward Class Movement. New Delhi: Macmillian Press.

Rath, Sharada; and Rath, Navneet. 1990. "Attitude of Rural Women in Balasore Towards                         Employment”, in Social Welfare, vol. 37 (7), pp. 17-19, 27-28.

Ryan, B. 1953. Caste in Modern Cceylon: The Sinhalese System in Transition. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Rathnaiah, K. 1991. Social Change Among the Malas: An Ex-Untouchable Caste in South India. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.

Reddy, Adinarayan P.; and Kumaraswamy, T. 1985. "Non-formal Education in India”, in University  News, 23(21), 1 June, pp. 2-4.

Reddy, D. N. 1984. "Women in Economic Development: The Scheduled Caste Female Agricultural Labourers in India - A Target Group Approach”, in Manohare, ed., Women's Status and Development in India. Warangal: Society for Women's Studies and Development. pp. 40-51.

Rege, Sharmila. 1994. "`If this is Tuesday... it must be Social Roles': Sociology and Challenge of Gender Studies. EPW, vol. 29, no, 19, May 7. pp. 1155-6.

Rege, Sharmila. 1995. "Caste and Gender: The Violence Against Women in India”, in P. G. Jogdand, ed., Dalit Women in India: Issues and Perspectives. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.

Riano, Pilar., ed. 1994. Women in Grassroots Communication: Furthering Social Change. London: Sage Publications.

Risley, Herbert. 1908. The People of India. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co.

Rodney, Walter. 1974. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Washington, DC: Howard University Press.

Rosier, P; and Holm, W. 1980. The Rock Point Experience: A Longitudinal Study of a Navajo School. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.

Roy, Debal K Singha. 1992. Women in Peasant Movement: Tebhaga and After. New Delhi: Manohar Publications.

Roy, Debal K Singha. 1995. "Peasant Movements and Empowerment of Rural Women”, EPW  Sept. 16.

Rudolph, Lloyd I. 1965. "The Modernity of Tradition: The Democratic Incarnation of Caste in India”, American          Political Science Review 59 (4):975-89.

Sachdeva, J. L.;  and Vohra, Asha., eds. 1985. Non-Formal Adult Education For Women: Proccedings of the 37th All India Adult Education Conference, Varanasi 1984. New Delhi: Indian Adult Education Association.

Sakhare, Seema. 1992. "Contributions of Our Voluntary Organizations to Women's Movement in India”, in Lakshmi Mishra, ed. Women's  Issues: An Indian Perspective. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre.

Sangari, Kumkum and Vaid, Sudesh, eds. 1989. Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History. New Delhi: Kali for Women Press.

Sarkar, Tanika; and Buralia, Urvashi., eds. 1995. Women and the Hindu Right: A collection of Essays. New Delhi: Kali for Women.

Sathe, Nirmala. 1990. "The Adivasi Struggle in Dhulia”, in Ilina Sen, ed. A Space Within the Struggle: Women's Participation in People's Movements. New Delhi: Kali for Women.

Savara, Mira. 1990. "Income Generating Programmes for Women: Some Pitfalls”, Manushi, No. 58, pp. 30-33.

SC&ST Commissioner. 1989. Report of the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, 1986-87. New Delhi: GOI.

Schenk-Sandbergen, Loes. 1991. "Empowerment of Women: Its Scope in a Bilateral Development Project - A Small-Scale Irrigation Project in North Bengal”. EPW, April  27, Vol. XXVI, no. 17.

Schwartz, Barton M., ed. 1967. Caste in Overseas Indian Communities. San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co.

Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Scott, James C. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Sen, Gita; and Grown, Caren. 1987. Development, Crises, and Alternative Visions: Third World Women's Perspectives. NY: Monthly Review Press.

Sen, Jai. 1986. "On Anti-Voluntarism”, in Lokayan Bulletin, vol. 4 (3/4), pp. 9-37; Suresh Sharma. 1987. "Volunatry Efforts and International Funding”, in Lokayan Bulletin, vol. 5 (2), pp. 85-100.

SEWA. 1984. Self-Employed Women's Association. Ahmedabad: SEWA Reception Centre;

Seymour, Susan. 1995. "Family Structure, Marriage, Caste and Class, and Women's Education: Exploring the Linkages in an Indian Town”, in Indian Journal of Gender Studies, vol. 2 (1). January-June, pp. 67-86.

Shah, Ghanshyam. 1994. "Caste Sentiments, Class Formation and Dominance in Gujarat”, in K. L. Sharma, ed., Caste and Class in India. New Delhi: Rawat Publications.

Shankar, Kripa. 1993. "Agricultural Labourers in Eastern UP”, EPW, XXVIII, 24, June 12, pp 1211-4.

Sharma, A. K. 1989. "What the Poor Thing About Their Poverty: A Socio-Psychological Study”, in Indian Journal of Social Work, vol. 50 (2), pp. 171-182.

Sharma, Kumud. 1984. Women in Focus: A Community in Search of Equal Roles. Hyderabad: Sangam Books.

Sharma, Kumud. 1992. "Grass Roots Organizations and Women's Empowerment: Some Issues in the Contemporaty Debate”, Samya Shakti vol. VI: 28-43.

Sharma, K. L., ed. 1994. Caste and Class in India. New Delhi: Rawat Publications.

Sharma, Rama. 1995. Bhangi: Scavenger in Indian Society - Marginality, Identity and Politicization of the Community. New Delhi: M D Publications Pvt. Ltd.  

Sims, Holly. 1991. "Western Models, Indian Women: The Legacy of Foreign Aid”, in S. J. M. Sutherland (ed.) Bridging Worlds: Studies on Women in South Asia. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Singh, Arun Kumari. 1992a. "Educational Survey of Women in Kuchabandhia Community”, in Lakshmi Mishra, ed. Women's Issues: An Indian Perspective. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre.

Singh, M. N.; and Singh, Vineeta. 1992. "Policies and Programmes to Improve the Status of Women”, in B. P. Chaurasia, ed. Women's Status in India: Policies and Programmes. Allahabad: Chugh Publications.

Singh, Narendra. 1992b. "Dalit and Caste Hindu Clashes in Karnataka”, EPW, vol. 27, no. 3, January 18, pp. 83-84.

Singh, Shanker; Dey, Nikhil; and Roy, Aruna. 1994. "Child Marriage, Government and NGOs”, EPW, vol. 29, no. 23, June 4. pp. 1377-9.

Sleeter, Christine E., ed. 1991. Empowerment Through Multicultural Education. Albany, NY: State University of NY Press.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1988. "Can the Subaltern Speak?" in Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg, eds., Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

Srinivas, M. N. 1966. Social Change in Modern India. New Delhi: Allied Publishers.

Srivastava, Sasmeeta. 1987. "New Approaches to Vocational Training for Women”, in Social Welfare, vol. 34 (6), pp. 2-3.

Stacki, Sandra L., and Pigozzi, Mary Joy. 1995. "Empowering Female Teachers As An Interactive Dialectic Process: Examples From South Asia”, Convergence, Vol. XXVIII, No. 3.

Stephens, Julie. 1994. "Feminist Fictions: A Critique of the Category 'Non-Western Woman' in Feminist Writings on India”, in Ranajit Guha, ed., Subaltern Studies VI: Writings on South Asian History and Society. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Pp. 92-125.

Stromquist, Nelly P. 1986. "Empowering Women Through Education: Lessons from International Cooperation”, in International Journal of Adult Education, vo. 19 (4), pp. 1-22.

Stromquist, Nelly P. 1988. "Women's Education in Development: From Welfare to Empowerment”, Convergence, vol. 21 (4), pp. 5-16.

Sujatha, K. 1980. "An Investigation into the Constraints on Education of the Neltore District Yanadis with a View to Suggest Some Strategies of Non-Formal Education”, Ph.D. book. A.U., India.

Sumitra. 1988. Pan on Fire: Eight Dalit Women Tell Their Story. New Delhi: Indian  Social Institute.

Surana, M. L. 1985. "Girl Drop-outs in Rural Haryana: A Socio-Economic Analysis”, Indian Educational Review, vol. 20 (2), April, pp. 109-116.

Swaminathan, M. S. 1982. "Women and Rural Development”, New Frontiers in Education, vol. 12 (3), pp. 56-63.

Tandon, Yash. 1995. "Poverty, Processes of Impoverishment and Empowerment: A Review of Current Thinking and Action”, in Naresh Singh and Vangile Titi, eds., Empowerment: Towards Sustainable Development. Halifax, Canada: Fernwood Publishing. pp. 29-36.

Teidt, P.L.; and Teidt, I.M. 1990. Multicultural Teaching: A Handbook of Activities, Information, and Resources. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Tellis-Nayak, Jessie. 1982. Education and Income Generation for Women: Non-Fromal Approaches. New Delhi: Indian Social Institute;

Thapar, Romila. 1966. A History of India, Volume I. New Delhi: Penguin Books. Reprint 1990.

Theertha, Dharma Swami. 1992. History of Hindu Imperialism. Madras: Dalit Educational Literature. Centre. Reprint of 1941 The Menace of Hindu Imperialism.

Thorat, Vimal. 1997. "Dalit Women”, Dalit International Newsletter, 2:1.

Tripathi, Madhukanta. 1986. "Women's Struggle for the New Roles”, National Journal of Education, vol. 7 (2) May, pp. 56-60;

Tripathy, R. B. 1994. Dalits: A Sub-Human Society. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

Uberoi, Patricia., ed. 1993. Family, Kinship and Marriage in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

UNICEF and Institute of Local Government and Urban Studies. 1989. Report. Calcutta: Government of West Bengal.

van der Westen, Monique. 1993. "Literacy Education and Gender: The Case of Honduras”.

Venkateswarlu, D. 1990. Harijan-Upper Caste Conflict: A Study in Andhra Pradesh. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.

Verba, Sidney; Ahmed, Bashiruddin; and Bhatt, Anil. 1971. Caste, Race, and Politics: A Comparative Study of India and the United States. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

Verma, D. N., and Dixit, R. S. 1988. "Place of Women in Occupational Structure of Scheduled Caste Population in UP”, in D. Maurya, ed., Women in India. Delhi: Chugh Publications. p. 181-188.

Vijayalakshmi, G. 1989. Sex Role Perception and Occupational Choice: A Study of Women Students in Professional and Non-Professional Courses. Delhi: Mittal Publication.

Vimochana. 1994. "Politics of Organizing: Women's Groups and Other Social Movements”, Lokayan Bulletin, vol 11 (1), pp. 49-62.

Viramma; Racine, Josiane; and Racine, Jean-Luc. 1997. Viramma: Life of An Untouchable. NY: Verso.

Viswanath, Vanita. 1993. NGOs and Women's Development in Rural South India.: A Comparative Analysis. New Delhi: Vistaar Pub.

Wadley, Susan. ed., 1980. The Powers of Tamil Women. Foreign and Comparative Studies, South Asian Series, No. 6, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University.

Weiler, Kathleen. 1988. Women Teaching for Change: Gender, Class and Power. NY: Bergin & Garvey Publishers.

Weis, Lois; and Fine, Michelle., eds. 1993. Beyond Silenced Voices: Class, Race and Gender in United States Schools. NY: State University of New York Press.

White, Benjamin. 1982. "Child Labour and Population Growth in Rural Asia”, in Development and Change, vol. 13 (4), pp. 587-610.

Willie, Charles., ed. 1989. The Class and Caste Controversy on Race and Poverty: Round Two of the Wilson-Willie Debate. NY: General-Hall.

Yasas, Frances M. and Metha, Vera. 1990. Exploring Feminist Visions: Case Studies on Social Justice Issues. Pune: Streevani/Ishvani Kendra.

Young, Kate. 1988. Women and Economic: Loca, Regional and National Planning. Oxford: Berg Publishers/Paris: UNESCO.

Young, Kate. 1993. Planning Development with Women: Making a World of Difference. NY: St. Martin Press.

Zelliot, Eleanor. 1992. From Untouchable to Dalit: Essays on the Ambedkar Movement. New Delhi: Manohar.

Zurbrigg, Shelia. 1984. Rakku's Story: Structures of Ill-health and the Source of Change. Madras: Sidma Offset Press.